Alfred Dehodencq (23 April 1822 – 2 January 1882; born Edmé-Alexis-Alfred Dehodencq) was a French Orientalism painter known for his vivid oil paintings of and scenes.
Life
Dehodencq was born in Paris on 23 April 1822. During his early years, Dehodencq studied in Paris at the École des Beaux Arts under the tutelage of French artist
Leon Cogniet. During the French Revolution of 1848 he was wounded in his right arm, and thereafter painted with his left hand. He was sent to convalesce in
Spain, where he remained for five years.
Dehodencq became acquainted with the works of Spanish painters Diego Velázquez and
Francisco Goya, which had a strong influence on his approach to painting.
In 1853 he travelled to Morocco, where for the following ten years he produced many of his most famous paintings depicting scenes of the world he encountered. Dehodencq was the first foreign artist known to have lived in Morocco for an extended number of years. He frequently drew and painted the Jews of Morocco. His painting A Jewish Woman with her Negro Maid (1867), as well as over 30 of his drawings, are in the collection of the Israel Museum, Jerusalem. While he considered himself to be the "Last of the Romanticism," his work is generally categorized with the mid-19th-century Orientalism artistic movement.
In the 1860s, Dehodencq painted multiple versions of a work depicting the public execution of a young Jewish woman in Morocco, for the crime of converting to, and then renouncing, Islam; one of these paintings was exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1861 under the title Exécution d'une juive, au Maroc. Some scholars say that Dehodencq was inspired by the story of Sol Hachuel (beheaded in 1834 in Fez), but the artist's friend and biographer, Gabriel Séailles, states explicitly, in two books, that Dehodencq was an eye-witness to the execution he depicted, which took place in Tangiers.
Dehodencq married Maria Amelia Calderon in 1857 in Cádiz, Spain. They had five children, three of whom (Emmanuel, Armand, and Marie) died as children, before their father.[Séailles 1910, p. 155, quoting the poem by Théodore de Banville on Dehodencq's grave monument:
Ils se sont réveillés dans la clarté des cieux
Avec Emmanuel, Armand et ce doux ange
La petite Marie aux yeux mystérieux.] Their son Edmond, born in Cádiz in 1862, was called the Mozart of painting because he debuted at the Paris Salon at age eleven.[Larousse, p. 1008][While Larousse says that Edmond was born in 1862, the Musée Goya says he was born in 1860; the Joconde site also says 1860, but appears to add a question mark.] At age 18 he sculpted the bust that later adorned his father's gravesite.
In 1863, after 15 years abroad, Dehodencq returned with this family to Paris. He was decorated with the Legion of Honour in 1870. He committed suicide on 2 January 1882,
Selected works
-
Bullfight, or Novillada at El Escorial, 1850, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Pau
[Françoise Cachin, Charles S. Moffett, Juliet Wilson Bareau, « Manet 1832–1883 », Réunion des Musées Nationaux, Paris,1983. . p.237.]
-
Jewish concert at the palace of the Moroccan Qaid, 1854, special collection
-
The Execution of a Jewess, in Morocco, ca. 1860, Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme, The Marais district of Paris
[ Website of the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme]
-
The justice of the Pasha, 1866, Musée Salies, Bagnères-de-Bigorre
-
Jewish bride in Morocco, 1867, Musée Saint-Denis, Reims
-
Boabdil's Farewell to Granada, 1869, Musée d'Orsay, Paris
-
Jewish celebration in Tanger, 1870, Musée de Poitiers
[Exhibited at Salon de Paris in 1870]
-
Portrait of Mrs. Dehodencq, Musée Magnin, Dijon
-
Prince Piscicelli, 1850, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux
-
Portrait de Marie au nœud rouge, 1872, special collection
-
A Confraternity in Procession along Calle Génova, Carmen Thyssen Museum, Málaga
-
A Gypsy Dance in the Gardens of the Alcázar, in front of Charles V Pavilion 1851, Carmen Thyssen Museum, Málaga
-
Gypsies on the road, Musée d'Orsay, Paris
-
Jewish bride, Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille
-
Danse of negroes in Tanger, 1874, Musée d'Orsay, Paris
-
Jesus raises the daughter of Jairus, Musée Magnin, Dijon
-
Paris cafe scene, National Gallery, Washington, D.C.
-
Little gypsy, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore
-
The arrest of Charlotte Corday after the murder of Marat, July 13, 1793, Musée de la Révolution française, Vizille
See also
Citations
Sources
-
Catalogue des tableaux, esquisses, études et dessins par feu Alfred Dehodencq, catalogue for the posthumous sale of the artist's work at the Hôtel Drouot on June 1, 1885, with an introduction by Gabriel Séailles; Paris: Imprimerie de l'Art, 1885.
-
Gotlieb, Matt (2009). "Figures of Sublimity in Orientalist Painting" in Studies in the History of Art, Vol. 74, Symposium Papers LI: Dialogues in Art History, from Mesopotamian to Modern: Readings for a New Century; National Gallery of Art, 2009, pp. 316–341.
-
Hamel, Maurice. "Alfred Dehodencq", Revue de l'art ancien et moderne, v. 28, no. 163, October, 1910, pp. 269–284.
-
Larousse, Pierre. "Dehodencq" entries in Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle: français, historique, géographique, mythologique, bibliographique..., vol. 17, suppl. 2, 1866-1877, p. 1008.
-
-
Wright, Barbara and Lloyd, Rosemary. "Amis de jeunesse: Théodore de Banville, Armand Du Mesnil, Eugène Fromentin, Alfred Dehodencq: avec des lettres inédites et des illustrations par Eugène Fromentin et Alfred Dehodencq," Nineteenth-Century French Studies, Vol. 21, No. 3/4 (Spring—Summer 1993), pp. 322–338.
External links
